Specification

Activity

An activity period, defining when an artist was musically active.

AnalogSignal

An analog signal.

Arrangement

An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score).

AudioFile

An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc.

CD

Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

Composition

A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial "product" is a score, for example), or both...

CorporateBody

Organization or group of individuals and/or other organizations involved in the music market.

DAT

Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

DCC

Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

DVDA

DVD-Audio used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

DigitalSignal

A digital signal

ED2K

Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network

Festival

A festival - musical/artistic event lasting several days, like Glastonbury, Rock Am Ring... We migth decompose this event (which is in fact just a classification of the space/time region related to a particular festival) using hasSubEvent in several performances at different space/time.

Genre

An expressive style of music. Any taxonomy can be plug-in here. You can either define a genre by yourself, like this: :mygenre a mo:Genre; dc:title "electro rock". Or you can refer to a DBPedia genre (such as http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baroque_music), allowing semantic web clients to access easily really detailed structured information about the genre you are refering to.

Instrument

Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sound. Any taxonomy can be used to subsume this concept. The default one is one extracted by Ivan Herman from the Musicbrainz instrument taxonomy, conforming to SKOS. This concept holds a seeAlso link towards this taxonomy.

Instrumentation

Instrumentation deals with the techniques of writing music for a specific instrument, including the limitations of the instrument, playing techniques and idiomatic handling of the instrument.

Label

Trade name of a company that produces musical works or expression of musical works.

Libretto

Libretto

Lyrics

Lyrics

MD

Mini Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

MagneticTape

Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

Medium

A means or instrumentality for storing or communicating musical manifestation.

Membership

A membership event, where one or several people belongs to a group during a particular time period.

Movement

A movement is a self-contained part of a musical work. While individual or selected movements from a composition are sometimes performed separately, a performance of the complete work requires all the movements to be performed in succession. Often a composer attempts to interrelate the movements thematically, or sometimes in more subtle ways, in order that the individual movements exert a cumulative effect. In some forms, composers sometimes link the movements, or ask for them to be played without a pause between them.

MusicArtist

A person or a group of people (or a computer :-) ), whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

MusicGroup

Group of musicians, or musical ensemble, usually popular or folk, playing parts of or improvising off of a musical arrangement.

MusicalExpression

The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time').

MusicalItem

A single exemplar of a musical expression. For example, it could be a single exemplar of a CD. This is normally an single object (a CD) possessed by somebody. From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as item is a concrete entity. It is in many instances a single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one-volume monograph, a single audio cassette, etc.). There are instances, however, where the entity defined as item comprises more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.). In terms of intellectual content and physical form, an item exemplifying a manifestation is normally the same as the manifestation itself. However, variations may occur from one item to another, even when the items exemplify the same manifestation, where those variations are the result of actions external to the intent of the producer of the manifestation (e.g., damage occurring after the item was produced, binding performed by a library, etc.).

MusicalManifestation

This entity is related to the edition/production/publication of a musical expression (musical manifestation are closely related with the music industry (their terms, concepts, definitions, methods (production, publication, etc.), etc.) From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials, including manuscripts, books, periodicals, maps, posters, sound recordings, films, video recordings, CD-ROMs, multimedia kits, etc. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form. Work #1 J. S. Bach's Six suites for unaccompanied cello * Expression #1 sound issued during the performance by Janos Starker recorded in 1963 and 1965 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1965 by Mercury o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1991 by Mercury * Expression #2 sound issued during the performances by Yo-Yo Ma recorded in 1983 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1983 by CBS Records o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1992 by CBS Records Changes that occur deliberately or even inadvertently in the production process that affect the copies result, strictly speaking, in a new manifestation. A manifestation resulting from such a change may be identified as a particular "state" or "issue" of the publication. Changes that occur to an individual copy after the production process is complete (e.g., the loss of a page, rebinding, etc.) are not considered to result in a new manifestation. That copy is simply considered to be an exemplar (or item) of the manifestation that deviates from the copy as produced. With the entity defined as manifestation we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items and the characteristics associated with the production and distribution of that set of items that may be important factors in enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their physical needs and constraints, and to identify and acquire a copy of that manifestation. Defining manifestation as an entity also enables us to draw relationships between specific manifestations of a work. We can use the relationships between manifestations to identify, for example, the specific publication that was used to create a microreproduction.

MusicalWork

Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue

Orchestration

Orchestration includes, in addition to instrumentation, the handling of groups of instruments and their balance and interaction.

Performance

A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound:-)

PublishedLibretto

A published libretto

PublishedLyrics

Published lyrics, as a book or as a text file, for example

PublishedScore

A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation)

Record

A published record (manifestation which first aim is to render the product of a recording)

Recording

A recording event. Takes a sound as a factor to produce a signal (analog or digital). The location of such events (if any) is the actual location of the corresponding microphone or the "recording device".

RecordingSession

A set of performances/recordings/mastering events. This event can be decomposed in its constituent events using event:sub_event

Release

A specific release, with barcode, box, liner notes, cover art, and a number of records

ReleaseEvent

A release event, in a particular place (e.g. a country) at a particular time. Other factors of this event might include cover art, liner notes, box, etc. or a release grouping all these.

ReleaseStatus

Musical manifestation release status.

ReleaseType

Release type of a particular manifestation, such as "album" or "interview"...

SACD

Super Audio Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.

Score

Here, we are dealing with the informational object (the MusicalExpression), not the actually "published" score. This may be, for example, the product of an arrangement process.

Show

A show - a musical event lasting several days, in a particular venue. Examples can be "The Magic Flute" at the Opera Bastille, August 2005, or a musical in the west end...

Signal

A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording.

SignalGroup

A musical expression representing a group of signals, for example a set of masters resulting from a whole recording/mastering session.

SoloMusicArtist

Single person whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination.

Sound

A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance.

Stream

Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation

Torrent

Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network

Track

A track on a particular record

Transcription

Transcription event

Vinyl

Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation

activity

Relates an artist to an activity period

activity_end

Relates an artist to a date at which its activity ended

activity_start

Relates an artist to a date at which its activity started

amazon_asin

Used to link a work or the expression of a work to its corresponding Amazon ASINs page.

arranged_in

Associates a work to an arrangement event where it was arranged

arrangement_of

Associates an arrangement event to a work

artist

Relates a membership event with the corresponding artist

available_as

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd). By using this property, there is no assumption on wether the full content is available on the linked item. To be explicit about this, you can use a sub-property, such as mo:item (the full manifestation is available on that item) or mo:preview (only a part of the manifestation is available on that item). This is a subproperty of frbr:examplar.

biography

Used to link an artist to their online biography.

bitsPerSample

Associates a digital signal to the number a bits used to encode one sample. Range is xsd:int.

bpm

Indicates the BPM of a MusicalWork or a particular Performance Beats per minute: the pace of music measured by the number of beats occurring in 60 seconds.

catalogue_number

Links a release with the corresponding catalogue number

channels

Associates a signal to the number of channels it holds (mono --> 1, stereo --> 2). Range is xsd:int.

collaborated_with

Used to relate two collaborating people on a work.

compilation_of

Indicates that a musical manifestation is a compilation of several Signals.

compiled

Used to relate an person or a group of person who compiled the manifestation of a musical work.

compiler

Used to relate the manifestation of a musical work to a person or a group of person who compiled it.

composed_in

Associates a MusicalWork to the Composition event pertaining to its creation. For example, I might use this property to associate the Magic Flute to its composition event, occuring during 1782 and having as a mo:composer Mozart.

composer

Associates a composition event to the actual composer. For example, this property could link the event corresponding to the composition of the Magic Flute in 1782 to Mozart himself (who obviously has a FOAF profile:-) ).

conducted

Relates agents to the performances they were conducting

conductor

Relates a performance to the conductor involved

contains_sample_from

Relates a signal to another signal, which has been sampled.

derived_from

A related signal from which the described signal is derived.

discography

Used to links an artist to an online discography of their musical works. The discography should provide a summary of each released musical work of the artist.

discogs

Used to link a musical work or the expression of a musical work, an artist or a corporate body to to its corresponding Discogs page.

djmix_of

Indicates that all (or most of) the tracks of a musical work or the expression of a musical work were mixed together from all (or most of) the tracks from another musical work or the expression of a musical work to form a so called DJ-Mix. The tracks might have been altered by pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track) and fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other). If the tracks have been more substantially altered, the "mo:remix" relationship type is more appropriate.

djmixed

Used to relate an artist who djmixed a musical work or the expression of a musical work. The artist usually selected the tracks, chose their sequence, and slightly changed them by fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other) or pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track). This applies to a 'Mixtape' in which all tracks were DJ-mixed together into one single long track.

djmixed_by

Used to relate a work or the expression of a work to an artist who djmixed it. The artist usually selected the tracks, chose their sequence, and slightly changed them by fading (so that one track blends in smoothly with the other) or pitching (so that the tempo of one track matches the tempo of the following track). This applies to a 'Mixtape' in which all tracks were DJ-mixed together into one single long track.

download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where it is available for download. It is better to use one of the three sub-properties instead of this one in order to specify wether the content can be accessed for free (mo:freedownload), if it is just free preview material (mo:previewdownload), or if it can be accessed for some money (mo:paiddownload) (this includes links to the Amazon store, for example). This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

ean

The European Article Number (EAN) is a universal identifier for products, commonly printed in form of barcodes on them. The numbers represented by those codes can either be 8 or 13 digits long, with the 13-digit-version being most common. EANs form a superset of the North American Universal Product Code (UPC) as every UPC can be made an EAN by adding a leading zero to it. Additionally every EAN is also a Japanese Article Number (JAN). The identifiers were formerly assigned by EAN International which merged with Uniform Code Council (UCC, the guys behind the UPCs) and Electronic Commerce Council of Canada (ECCC) to become GS1.

encodes

Relates a MusicalItem (a track on a particular CD, an audio file, a stream somewhere) to the signal it encodes. This is usually a lower-resolution version of the master signal (issued from a Recording event).

encoding

Method used to convert analog electronic signals into digital format such as "MP3 CBR @ 128kbps", "OGG @ 160kbps", "FLAC", etc.

duration

The duration of a track or a signal in ms

engineer

Relates a performance or a recording to the engineer involved

engineered

Relates agents to the performances/recordings they were engineering in

event_homepage

Links a particular event to a web page

exchange_item

A person, a group of person or an organization exchanging an exemplar of a single manifestation.

fanpage

Used to link an artist to a fan-created webpage devoted to that artist.

free_download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where it is available for free download. This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

freedownload

genre

Associates an event (like a performance or a recording) to a particular musical genre. Further version of this property may also include works and scores in the domain.

grid

The Global Release Identifier (GRid) is a system for uniquely identifying Releases of music over electronic networks (that is, online stores where you can buy music as digital files). As that it can be seen as the equivalent of the BarCode (or more correctly the GTIN) as found on physical releases of music. Like the ISRC (a code for identifying single recordings as found on releases) it was developed by the IFPI but it does not appear to be a standard of the ISO.

group

Relates a membership event with the corresponding group

origin

Relates an artist to its geographic origin

gtin

GTIN is a grouping term for EANs and UPCs. In common speech those are called barcodes although the barcodes are just a representation of those identifying numbers.

has_track

headliner

Relates a performance to the headliner(s) involved

homepage

Links an artist, a record, etc. to a corresponding web page

image

Indicates a pictorial image (JPEG, GIF, PNG, Etc.) of a musical work, the expression of a musical work, the manifestation of a work or the examplar of a manifestation.

imdb

Used to link an artist, a musical work or the expression of a musical work to their equivalent page on IMDb, the InternetMovieDatabase.

instrument

Relates a performance to a musical instrument involved

interpreter

Adds an involved music artist, who interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified an existing signal, which resulted in the signal that is here the subject of this relation.

ipi

The Interested Parties Information Code (IPI) is an ISO standard similar to ISBNs for identifying the people or groups with some involvement with a particular musical work / compositions.

ismn

The International Standard Music Number (ISMN) is an ISO standard similar to ISBNs for identifying printed music publications

isrc

The ISRC (International Standard Recording Code) is the international identification system for sound recordings and music videorecordings. Each ISRC is a unique and permanent identifier for a specific recording which can be permanently encoded into a product as its digital fingerprint. Encoded ISRC provide the means to automatically identify recordings for royalty payments.

iswc

Links a musical work to the corresponding ISWC number

item

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd) holding the entire manifestation, and not just a part of it.

key

Indicated the key used by the musicians during a performance, or the key of a MusicalWork. Any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music.

label

Associates a release event with the label releasing the record

lc

The Label Code (LC) was introduced in 1977 by the IFPI (International Federation of Phonogram and Videogram Industries) in order to unmistakably identify the different record labels (see Introduction, Record labels) for rights purposes. The Label Code consists historically of 4 figures, presently being extended to 5 figures, preceded by LC and a dash (e.g. LC-0193 = Electrola; LC-0233 = His Master's Voice). Note that the number of countries using the LC is limited, and that the code given on the item is not always accurate.

licence

Used to link a work or the expression of a work to the license under which they can be manipulated (downloaded, modified, etc). This is usually used to link to a Creative Commons licence.

listened

Relates agents to the performances they were listening in

listener

Relates a performance to the listener involved

mailorder

Used to link a musical work or the expression of a musical work to a website where people can buy a copy of the musical manifestation.

mashup_of

Indicates that musical works or the expressions of a musical work were mashed up on this album or track. This means that two musical works or the expressions of a musical work by different artists are mixed together, over each other, or otherwise combined into a single musical work (usually by a third artist, the remixer).

media_type

The mediatype (file format or MIME type, or physical medium) of a musical manifestation, e.g. a MP3, CD or vinyl.

medley_of

Indicates that a musical expression is a medley of several other musical expressions. This means that the orignial musical expression were rearranged to create a new musical expression in the form of a medley.

member

Indicates a member of a musical group

member_of

Inverse of the foaf:member property

membership

Relates an agent with related membership events

meter

Associates a musical work or a score with its meter

movement

Indicates that a musical work has movements

movement_number

Indicates the position of a movement in a musical work.

musicbrainz

Linking an agent, a track or a record to its corresponding Musicbrainz page.

musicbrainz_guid

Links an object to the corresponding Musicbrainz identifier

musicmoz

Used to link an artist, a musical work or the expression of a musical work to its corresponding MusicMoz page.

myspace

Used to link a person to its corresponding MySpace page.

olga

Used to link a track to a tabulature file for track in the On-Line Guitar Archive.

onlinecommunity

Used to link a person with an online community web page like a blog, a wiki, a forum, a livejournal page, Etc.

opus

Used to define a creative work, especially a musical composition numbered to designate the order of a composer's works.

other_release_of

Indicates that two musical manifestations are essentially the same.

paid_download

Provide a link from an artist to a web page where all of that artist's musical work is available for some money, or a link from a manifestation (record/track, for example) to a web page providing a paid access to this manifestation.

paiddownload

performance_of

Associates a Performance to a musical work or an arrangement that is being used as a factor in it. For example, I might use this property to attach the Magic Flute musical work to a particular Performance.

performed

Relates agents to the performances they were performing in

performed_in

Associates a Musical Work or an Score to Performances in which they were a factor. For example, I might use this property in order to associate the Magic Flute to a particular performance at the Opera Bastille last year.

performer

Relates a performance to the performers involved

possess_item

A person, a group of person or an organization possessing an exemplar of a single manifestation.

preview

Relates a musical manifestation to a musical item (this album, and my particular cd), which holds a preview of the manifestation (eg. one track for an album, or a snippet for a track)

preview_download

This property can be used to link from a person to the website where they make previews of their works available, or from a manifestation (a track or an album, for example) to a web page where a preview download is available. This property MUST be used only if the content is just available through a web page (holding, for example a Flash application) - it is better to link to actual content directly through the use of mo:available_as and mo:Stream, mo:Torrent or mo:ED2K, etc. Therefore, Semantic Web user agents that don't know how to read HTML and even less to rip streams from Flash applications can still access the audio content.

primary_instrument

Indicates that an artist primarily plays an instrument, or that a member was primarily playing a particular instrument during his membership

produced

Used to relate an person or a group of person who produced the manifestation of a work.

produced_score

Associates an arrangement or a composition event to a score product (score here does not refer to a published score, but more an abstract arrangement of a particular work).

produced_signal

Associates a Recording to the outputted signal.

produced_signal_group

Associates a recording session with a group of master signals produced by it.

produced_sound

Associates a Performance to a physical Sound that is being produced by it.

produced_work

Associates a composition event to the produced MusicalWork. For example, this property could link the event corresponding to the composition of the Magic Flute in 1782 to the Magic Flute musical work itself. This musical work can then be used in particular performances.

producer

Used to relate the manifestation of a work to a person or a group of person who produced it.

producesSignal

producesSound

productOfComposition

publication_of

Link a particular manifestation to the related signal, score, libretto, or lyrics

published

Used to relate an person or a group of person who published the manifestation of a work.

published_as

Links a musical expression (e.g. a signal or a score) to one of its manifestations (e.g. a track on a particular record or a published score).

publisher

Used to relate a musical manifestation to a person or a group of person who published it.

publishing_location

Relates a musical manifestation to its publication location.

puid

Link a signal to the PUIDs associated with it, that is, PUID computed from MusicalItems (mo:AudioFile) derived from this signal. PUIDs (Portable Unique IDentifier) are the IDs used in the proprietary MusicDNS AudioFingerprinting system which is operated by MusicIP. Using PUIDs, one (with some luck) can identify the Signal object associated with a particular audio file, therefore allowing to access further information (on which release this track is featured? etc.). Using some more metadata one can identify the particular Track corresponding to the audio file (a track on a particular release).

record

Associates a release with the records it contains. A single release can be associated with multiple records, for example for a multi-disc release.

record_count

Associates a release with the number of records it contains, e.g. the number of discs it contains in the case of a multi-disc release.

record_number

Indicates the position of a record in a release (e.g. a 2xLP, etc.).

record_side

Associates the side on a vinyl record, where a track is located, e.g. A, B, C, etc. This property can then also be used in conjunction with mo:track_number, so that one can infer e.g. "A1", that means, track number 1 on side A.

recorded_as

This is a shortcut property, allowing to bypass all the Sound/Recording steps. This property allows to directly link a Performance to the recorded Signal. This is recommended for "normal" users. However, advanced users wanting to express things such as the location of the microphone will have to create this shortcut as well as the whole workflow, in order to let the "normal" users access simply the, well, simple information:-) .

recorded_in

Associates a physical Sound to a Recording event where it is being used in order to produce a signal. For example, I might use this property to associate the sound produced by a particular performance of the magic flute to a given recording, done using my cell-phone.

recording_of

Associates a Recording event to a physical Sound being recorded. For example, I might use this property to associate a given recording, done using my cell phone, to the sound produced by a particular performance of the magic flute.

records

This is the inverse of the shortcut property recordedAs, allowing to relate directly a performance to a signal.

release

Associates a release with the corresponding release event

release_status

Relates a musical manifestation to its release status (bootleg, ...)

release_type

Relates a musical manifestation to its release type (interview, spoken word, album, ...)

remaster_of

This relates two musical work or the expression of a musical work, where one is a remaster of the other. A remaster is a new version made for release from source recordings that were earlier released separately. This is usually done to improve the audio quality or adjust for more modern playback equipment. The process generally doesn't involve changing the music in any artistically important way. It may, however, result in tracks that are a few seconds longer or shorter.

remix_of

Used to relate the remix of a musical work in a substantially altered version produced by mixing together individual tracks or segments of an original musical source work.

remixed

Used to relate an artist who remixed a musical work or the expression of a musical work. This involves taking just one other musical work and using audio editing to make it sound like a significantly different, but usually still recognisable, song. It can be used to link an artist to a single song that they remixed, or, if they remixed an entire musical work.

remixer

Used to relate a musical work or the expression of a musical work to an artist who remixed it. This involves taking just one other musical work and using audio editing to make it sound like a significantly different, but usually still recognisable, song. It can be used to link an artist to a single song that they remixed, or, if they remixed an entire musical work.

review

Used to link a work or the expression of a work to a review. The review does not have to be open content, as long as it is accessible to the general internet population.

sample_rate

Associates a digital signal to its sample rate. It might be easier to express it this way instead of defining a timeline map:-) Range is xsd:float.

sampled

Used to relate an artist who sampled a Signal.

sampledVersionOf

sampled_version

Associates an analog signal with a sampled version of it

sampled_version_of

Associates a digital signal with the analog version of it

sampler

Used to relate the signal of a musical work to an artist who sampled it.

sell_item

A person, a group of person or an organization selling an exemplar of a single manifestation.

signal

Associates a group of signals with one of the signals it contains

signalTime

similar_to

A similarity relationships between two objects (so far, either an agent, a signal or a genre, but this could grow). This relationship is pretty general and doesn't make any assumptions on how the similarity claim was derived. Such similarity statements can come from a range of different sources (Musicbrainz similarities between artists, or coming from some automatic content analysis). However, the origin of such statements should be kept using a named graph approach - and ultimately, the documents providing such statements should attach some metadata to themselves (confidence of the claim, etc.).

singer

Relates a performance to an involved singer

supporting_musician

Used to relate an artist doing long-time instrumental or vocal support for another artist.

tempo

Rate of speed or pace of music. Tempo markings are traditionally given in Italian; common markings include: grave (solemn; very, very slow); largo (broad; very slow); adagio (quite slow); andante (a walking pace); moderato (moderate); allegro (fast; cheerful); vivace (lively); presto (very fast); accelerando (getting faster); ritardando (getting slower); and a tempo (in time; returning to the original pace).

lyrics

Associates lyrics with a musical work

text

Associates lyrics with their text.

time

Associates a Signal to a time object - its actual domain

track

Indicates a part of a musical manifestation - in this particular case, a track.

trackNum

track_count

The track count of a record

track_number

Indicates the position of a track on a record medium (a CD, etc.).

translation_of

Indicates that a work or the expression of a work has translated or transliterated into another expression of a work.

tribute_to

Indicates a musical work or the expression of a musical work that is a tribute to an artist - normally consisting of music being composed by the artist but performed by other artists.

trmid

Indicates the TRMID of a track. TRM IDs are MusicBrainz' old AudioFingerprinting system. TRM (TRM Recognizes Music) IDs are (somewhat) unique ids that represent the audio signature of a musical piece (see AudioFingerprint).

upc

UPC stands for "Universal Product Code", which was the original barcode used in the United States and Canada. The UPC (now officially EAN.UCC-12 is a numerical method of identifying products without redundancy worldwide for all types of products in the retail sector. The EAN is a superset of the original UPC increasing the digits to 13 with the prefix 0 reserved for UPC. As of 2005, manufacturers are only allowed to use the new 13-digit codes on their items, rather than having two separate numbers.

usedInPerformance

usedInRecording

usesSound

usesWork

want_item

A person, a group of person or an organization wanting an exemplar of a single manifestation.

wikipedia

Used to link an work, an expression of a work, a manifestation of a work, a person, an instrument or a musical genre to its corresponding WikiPedia page. The full URL should be used, not just the WikiName.

album

audiobook

bootleg

compilation

ep

interview

live

official

promotion

remix

single

soundtrack

spokenword